An
official paper spoke about Città Sant’Angelo on October 13th,
875 for the first time. The Emperor Ludwig II granted to the
Casauria Monastery a privilege on a place called Civitate
S.Angeli, where a castle and a port were situated. More ancient
information date the origin of Città Sant’Angelo back to the
times of the Romans, to an ancient town called Angulum,
well-known for its salt pits and the excellent wine, often mentioned
by Plinius in his descritpion of the “vestine” lands. The
inhabitants of the village, the so-called Angolani are actually
named after this legend because we cannot speak about an historical
verified reality
In the year 1239 Città Sant’Angelo was destroyed by the troops of
Boamondo Pissono, the so-called “Avenger from Abruzzi”, by order
of the Emperor Federico II from Hohenstaufen, Federico
Barbarossa’s nephew. The inhabitants were therefore accused of
being sided with the Pope Gregorio IX.
The little town began to slowly revive even though it faced other
sieges during the following centuries either from the Angevins or
the Spaniards. In 1748 the Aquisgrana Trety declared that the little
town was now under the Reign of Naples. That’s how it remained
until the proclamation of the Unity of Italy.
We
must not forget that Città Sant’Angelo, together with other
little towns among which Penne, Castiglione Messer Raimondo and
Penna Sant’ Andrea, were the chief protagonists of the first
carbonara insurrection during the period of the Italian
Risorgimento. In 1814 they rebelled against the Gioacchino Murat’s
troops. The insurrection was crushed
with bloodshed and Filippo La Noce and Domenico Marulli,
Angolani heads, were executed. Another head of the ribellion,
Michelangelo Castagna, succeeded in fleeing.
During
the past centuries, Città Sant’Angelo has been a great political
centre as well as a cultural one, according to the architectural
testimony.
The
big and imposing Cathedral, laying down on one side, is consecrated
to St. Michele Arcangelo and dates back to the year 1236; it is
situated at the entrance of the little town. Outside there is a
beautiful arcade, 47 metres long, a portal,which has been recently
restructured and which can be ascribed to Raimondo di Poggio’s
leading people, a big bell tower, 47 metres high, which was built in
1425 by Neapolitan leaders and then rebuilt in 1709 after the
earthquake which occurred in 1702.
The
Cathedral is consecrated to the patron saint of Città San Michele
Arcangelo and its origin of the faith is to be seeked in the
Longobards’ conversion to Christianity.
Città
Sant’Angelo missed a real feudatory and this easily allowed the
settlement of the Frati Minori Conventuali, who began to build
around the first residential complex, the today’s Casale,
afterwards expanding towards the other hills and linking the various
complexes with the soon becoming main street of the town. That is
why the two big S.Michele
Arcangelo and San Francesco churches were situated on one side of
the town and it was therefore necessary to adapt the structure
building large side doors on the aisles. As we have already told,
the Casale has been the first residential complex of the
hills. It is nowadays still characterized by special streets
radiating off from the square and by a castle.
The
town started to change over the centuries eastward expanding and
equipping itself with a special sort of defence based on the houses
which nowadays still show little outer windows from where the
inhabitants used to control the countryside. The big doors leading
to the little town do still remain as a testimony of the former
times when they closed the village at fixed hours in order to
protect it during the night. Four of the above mentioned doors are
still existing: on the south side Porta Sant’Antonio and Porta
Sant’ Egidio (built at the end of the eighteen century); Porta
Casale and Porta Licinia (also called Porta Borea) are probably part
of the boundary wall of the town, built during the XIV century.
According to the tradition, the bishop used to get through Porta
Casale when he had to get possession of the town. At the entrance of
the little town there were two other doors: Porta Sant’Angelo and
another one.in a placed named Martella.
The
noble palaces, built from 1600 on are the main features of the town.
Some are ancient convents, which have been readapted to palaces,
after the abolition of the conventual orders; others occupied
instead the free spaces or joined existing buildings.
In 1878 the first Normal
School of the Reign of Italy was established at Città
Sant’Angelo; it was indeed the school which trained the teachers
of the new reign’s base school, which, at its turn, turned into
the so called and still existing Istituto Magistrale. It is nowadays
located in a modern Liceo (Italian secondary school) attended by
local students and other coming from other places.
(foto: Paolo Aielli)